---Description---The stem of the Blessed Thistle grows about 2 feet high, is reddish, slender, very much branched and scarcely able to keep upright under the weight of its leaves and flowerheads. In Weeds, Control Without Poisons, Charles Walters notes that thistles thrive in soils where manganese is low. If you wish to plant true thistles we have a couple native species that may work in most of Ontario. De-spined parts can be eaten raw or as cooked vegetable. In fact, it has an edible stem. The tea can also be used to wash and treat mild burns. It is a biennial, the root, a taproot, producing in the first year a tuft of strap-shaped, nearly flat leaves, hoary, especially beneath, very spinuous, but with the spines short and weak. Every book I reference that is available on Amazon is linked to with an associates link. Plants For A Future - what plants are edible/medicinal/toxic. Its leaves can also be chewed to relieve the pain of toothaches, cancer sores and sore throats, as they have anti-inflammatory properties. I will follow back. SCABIOUS, DEVIL'S BIT There are flowers that look like thistles but all true thistles have spiky or spiny leaves. How to turn wild edible Bull thistle into a medicinal tincture Seedlings can pop up anywhere, as only a single seed or a remnant of root is necessary to propagate a whole new plant. This thistle produces a lot of seeds that have small feathers and are fixed to the base by means of a ring until they mature. The plant is spiny all over with a tall branching stem that contains large reddish purple flower heads. Comparatively, Canada thistle is a perennial that reproduces through underground rhizomes and wind-blown seeds. Milk thistle seeds are medicinal and often used in tea to . The stem, 3 to 4 feet high, is erect, branched, continuously spinous-winged throughout. They taste a bit like iceberg lettuce (plus, no thorns). The flowering stalks also can be cleaned and eaten. A Few of Milk Thistle's Medicinal Uses (What Milk Thistle is "Good For"): . Remove the prickles from the leaves before preparation. Traditional uses and benefits of Creeping Thistle Root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, anti-phlogistic and hepatic. Bryant, in his Flora Dietetica, writes of it: 'The young shoots in the spring, cut close to the root with part of the stalk on, is one of the best boiling salads that is eaten, and surpasses the finest cabbage. Herbalists do not have an official certification yet, but that may be in the works. I had read about buckwheat being good to control thistles, so I may try that also. Once the biennial plant flowers, it can produce up to 4,000 seeds per plant. The leaves are long, narrow, clasping the dull green stem, with prominent pale veins, the irregular teeth of the wavy margin ending in spines. The plant, in fact, has many medicinal purposes including the use of its leaves for treatment of external wounds or cuts. KNAPWEED, BLACK The painted lady is also known as the thistle butterfly. Keep in mind roots from pastures may harbor bacteria and need to be cooked. This plant obtains its name from being supposed to flower about St. Barnabas' Day, June 11 (old style). When encountered in turf, bull thistle can be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing flowers. ---Cultivation---Being an annual, Blessed Thistle is propagated by seed. Still, if I'm in a pinch, at least I know they are safe to eat. ), Thistle grows just about everywhere, as you can see from the following USDA range maps. Herb: Common Thistle Latin name: Cirsium vulgare Synonyms: Carduus lanceolatus, Cirsium lanceolatum Family: Compositae Medicinal use of Common Thistle: The roots have been used as a poultice and a decoction of the plant used as a poultice on sore jaws. When SHTF, you can use thistles as food, herbal remedies, or as emergency cordage. Its roots are usually white, but they can also be tinted with the color of its soil. The leaves are very large, waved and with sharp prickles on the margin. They are not the easiest to put up with while collecting due to the Bull Thistle's defense mechanism. Radiation-induced dermatitis is a common side effect of radiotherapy performed on cancer patients. Bull thistle has alternate, lanceolate (lance-shaped) leaves with rough, bristly hairs on top and hairy underneath. Blossoms are a light pink-purple, with many blossoms per plant. Its especially helpful for honing your ID skills. Weeds like bull thistle arent usually welcome in home gardens. The down of this, as of some other species, may be advantageously used as a material in making paper. Carduus lanceolatus, the Spear Thistle, is one of our most striking and common Thistles. Tea made fromfresh, young thistle leaves can help address bladder complaints,kidney infections, andurinary problems. The young stalks, when stripped of their rind, may be eaten like those of the Burdock. And sadly at times our native thistles have been pulled out just like the invasive, and they have suffered from the introduction of non-native thistles. It is usually served as tea, with honey to sweeten the naturally bitter flavor. Their perfume is quite beautiful. The name Cirsium vulgare is derived from the Greek kirsion (a kind of thistle with medicinal properties) or kirsos (a swollen vein), and from the Latin vulgaris meaning 'common' (Zimdahl, 1989; Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992; Forcella and Randall, 1994).Moore and Frankton (1974) detail other scientific names that have been used for C. vulgare. ---Description---The plant forms a scrubby bush, 18 inches to 2 feet high, with the lower part of the stems very stiff, almost woody, the branches when young very soft, with broad wings, decurrent from the short, strap-shaped leaves. The root is spindle-shaped with tuberous fibres; stem 2 feet high, single, erect, round hairy, leafless above; leaves not decurrent, deeply pinnatifid, fringed with minute prickles; heads generally solitary, large, egg-shaped; florets crimson. It tends to grow best in soils with intermediate moisture although it will grow in dry and wet soils. Bull thistle root is edible, but it is best served with other vegetables. And you can upload your plant and other nature photos for help on that front. You can dig up and eat the invasive ones guiltlessly. Livestock owners arent fond of this herb because only a handful of domesticated animals will feed on it. It may look dangerous, but it is not poisonous. There is a tradition that the milk-white veins of the leaves originated in the milk of the Virgin which once fell upon a plant of Thistle, hence it was called Our Lady's Thistle, and the Latin name of the species has the same derivation. The common statement that this bird lines its nest with thistledown is scarcely accurate, the substance being in most cases the down of Colt's-foot (Tussilago), or the cotton down from the willow, both of which are procurable at the building season, whereas thistledown is at that time immature. Biennial. Its rosettes are occasionally troublesome in lawns and gardens. Its root system can extend more than fifteen feet out and six . Some species which flourish in hotter and drier climates than our own, such as the handsome Yellow Thistles of the south of Europe, Scolymus, are cultivated for that purpose, and have a classical interest, being mentioned by Hesiod as the flower of summer. Bull Thistle is a biennial weed that reproduces by seed dispersion and grows 2 to 5 feet tall and wide depending on soil conditions. Stems become hollow when the plant matures. Unlike most of the Thistles, the leaves are not continued down the stem at all, and are much simpler in form than the ordinary type of Thistle foliage. Three of the most effective natural remedies include cayenne, apple cider vinegar and bull thistle. Welcome to the Weekly Weeder series. The flowerheads stand singly and are large and conspicuous. The leaves, dried and powdered, are good for worms. The flowers expand in dry and close in moist weather. Thistle can grow up to sixfeet tall, and covered with white woolly hairs. (See photos below and at top of post.) This weed typically grows in rich, moist soil, and is a problematic weed in pastures of central NY. This thistle with its tinier parts, while as edible as bull thistle, is less worth the effort. The Canada thistle commonly grows in clumps of plants, because it will spread by runners. Herbal-based dietary supplements have become increasingly popular. The cooked root can be prepared like potatoes or dried and ground into flour. Thistle, Bull Scientific name: Cirsium species Abundance: uncommon What: stem, roots, leaf ribs How: peel stem then eat raw or cooked; tea from leaves, stem; roots are boiled; large center leaf ribs are stripped from leaf and eaten raw. Theres also swamp thistle (cirsium muticum). Painted Lady butterflies prefer thistles as food plants for their larva. The warm infusion - 1 OZ. 3) For medicinal use, I must recommend receiving a diagnosis and working with a reputed health care provider. Bull Thistle Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is a biennial plant with spiny leaves and a large, purple or pink flower head. Magical Properties ---Chemical Constituents---Blessed Thistle contains a volatile oil, and a bitter, crystallineneutral body called Cnicin (soluble in alcohol and slightly also in water) which is said to be analogous to salicin in its properties. It is considered one of the best medicines which can be used for the purpose. Bull thistle thrives in sunny areas in a variety of soil types and conditions. The roots may be eaten like those of Salsify.' Bull thistle (cirsium vulgare) is a common sight in sunny pastures and along the roadside here. It has always been a plant of ill repute among us; Shakespeare classes 'rough Thistles' with 'hateful Docks,' and further back in the history of our race we read of the Thistle representing part of the primeval curse on the earth in general, and on man in particular, for - 'Thorns also and Thistles shall it bring forth to thee.'. If you peel it when it is young, it is said to taste like celery. The growth of weeds in Great Britain, having, in the opinion of many, also reached disturbing proportions, it is now proposed to enact a similar law in this country, and the Smallholders' Union is bringing forward a 'Bill to prevent the spread of noxious weeds in England and Wales,' the provisions being similar to the Australian law - weed-infested roadsides, as well as badly-cleared cultivated land, to come within the scope of the enactment. (Gloves may be helpful!) They are distinguished from all other thistles by the covering of short, sharp prickles on the upper, dark green surface of the leaf blade. Bull Thistle. Deionized sulfur helps to bring the iron/manganese ratio back into balance. Many of the other Thistles may be used as substitutes for the Blessed Thistle. I use third-party advertising companies to serve ads when you visit this website. It is found in cultivated fields and waste places, and is very common and widely distributed. The flower stem, appearing in the second year, is from 3 inches to 2 feet high, purple, not winged, the leaves on it decreasing in length and increasing in width from bottom to top, strongly veined, spinous and waved at the edges. They may be challenging to work with, but like all things in nature, they serve a purpose. Cold infusions in smaller draughts are valuable in weak and debilitated conditions of the stomach, and as a tonic, creating appetite and preventing sickness. Thistle grows just about everywhere, as you can see from the following USDA range maps. Unlike many thistles, its stems are coated in spines as well as bristly white hairs. One of the edible plants that appears in the early spring in East Texas is the Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare). The plant will also grow near the edges of woods,fence lines,pastures, and roadsides. You can make fishlines and snares from it too. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. The yellow thistle (Cirsium horridulum), swamp thistle (Cirsium muticum) and pasture thistle (Cirsium pumilum), are each native to the eastern and midwest states.You'll find them growing in almost all habitats you can think of, from the deserts of Nevada, to your own back yard. Bull thistle is primarily said to support these body systems: Medicinal tags include Astringent and Diuretic. Bull thistle seeds can be roasted before eating. Best to let the bumblebees and gold finches figure it out! As a general control, mowing when the plants are in bloom catches them without reserves (all their energy is in the flowers) and knocks back the population. Supporting nerve function with regular exercise and movement is also important. Bull and Canada thistles, among others, are European imports. 'Thistle' mentioned several times in the Bible refers to some member of this family (Centaurea), probably C. Calcitrapa, which is a Palestinian weed. It tasted like grass. The stems bear spines. If you would like more information about this practice and to know your choices about not having this information used by these companies, click here. The Wild Wisdom of Weeds mentions pulling the pink tops of the flowers and chewing them like gum. Cook flower buds and use them as globe artichokes. The flowers are large and dark crimson in colour, and are in bloom from July to September. Thistle leaves taste rather bland. Countless birds, bees and butterflies will benefit. ---Part Used---The whole herb. The specific name of this species is due to the resemblance of the flower-head to the Caltrops, or iron ball covered with spikes, formerly used for throwing under horses' feet to lame them on a field of battle. Is Bull Thistle Eaten Today? Copyright 2006 by Mark "Merriwether" Vorderbruggen. The leaves are green on both sides, downy on the veins beneath, narrow, cut into numerous lobes and very prickly. In truth, no one knows for certain how the purple-flowered thistle rose to such lofty significance. Collect stalks when they can still be bent easily, long before flowering. They even taste similar. The flower buds can be cooked and used like globe artichokes, but they are smaller. Tough older stems can be twisted into cordage. Because it behaves much like a weed, it can quickly overtake other plants nearby. Centaurea solstitialis, the Yellow Star Thistle, St. Barnaby's Thistle, is rare and hardly to be considered a native, though found in dry pastures in south-east Kent. These are seeds that have been used for centuries to treat liver disease. When the soil is loose, such as after a rain, it's fairly easy to pull them and get a long section of root, even barehanded. Harvest young leaves and second year stems early in the growing season. It is an annual or biennial. The sow THISTLE is in no sense a Thistle, but is more nearly allied to the Dandelion. 5) Many plants have look-a-likes, and sometimes they are poisonous. Thistles look unwelcoming, with their spiny leaves and flowers. The leaves on Bull thistle have "spiny wings" extending downwards, greenish undersides . SCABIOUS, FIELD Even then, their tap roots hold quite tightly. Others use it to help prevent harm to the liver. Ranges throughout North America. Though bull thistle is difficult to contain, frequent mowing before it flowers can help keep it under control. You can use it for pillow stuffing, insulation, even tinder. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information on this Web site. T One study evaluated whether a milk thistle extract gel would help prevent radio-dermatitis in people diagnosed with breast cancer. Gerard tells us, on the authority of Dioscorides and Plinv, that 'the leaves and root hereof are a remedy for those that have their bodies drawn backwards,' and Culpepper explains that not only is the juice therefore good for a crick in the neck, but also as a remedy for rickets in children. Other Uses (I tried this very strange, mildly sweet, not at all like gum.). For skin uses, dry out the roots first if you have sensitive skin. See: The boiled leaves can act as an effective diuretic and mildly drains the liver, as well as provides comfort when fevers are caused by an overworked liver. 2) People can be allergic or sensitive to nearly any plant; try new herbs one at a time at your own risk. They were sometimes baked in pies. Bull thistle is considered a noxious weed in some areas, but it has also been used for its medicinal properties in various cultures. They form a flat rosette. of dry herb can be raised per acre. Bull thistle is an invasive species. The whole plant, leaves, stalks and also the flowerheads, are covered with a thin down. The texture of Carline Thistles is like that of Everlasting Flowers; they scarcely alter their appearance when dead; and the whole plant is remarkably durable. ---Medicinal Action and Uses---The Ancients supposed this Thistle to be a specific in cancerous complaints, and in more modern times the juice is said to have been applied with good effect to cancers and ulcers. The 'distilled' leaves, it says 'helpeth the hart,' 'expelleth all poyson taken in at the mouth and other corruption that doth hurt and annoye the hart,' and 'the juice of it is outwardly applied to the bodie' ('lay it to your heart,' Sh. The different species are all edible and have similar uses. Cirsium thistles are the most diverse and widespread of. You can identify this plant by its firm and thorny stem and leaves that end in sharp, extended thorns. Natural Remedies for Nerve Pain. Flowers present June through September. But these descriptions should be restricted to the invasive non-native thistles, like bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense); they are the bane of agricultural growers and anyone with ecologically sensitive areas to maintain. Bull thistle as an herbal remedy According to herbalists and homeopathic practitioners, thistles have the following properties: Anti-inflammatory Astringent Cooling Diuretic Hemostatic Sharp-tasting Tea made from thistle root can help relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, dysentery, and intestinal flu. In agriculture the Thistle is the recognized sign of untidiness and neglect, being found not so much in barren ground, as in good ground not properly cared for. All trademarks, registered trademarks and servicemarks mentioned on this site are the property of their respective owners. Pull the fibers by hand from the stems, then twist the fibers into a strong twine. A world-class research group in the field of medicinal chemistry is being established at UCT Prague led by Italian Professor Brancale. They are thin and run deep and can develop several smaller lateral roots. In-depth wild edible PDFs. Today's featured weed is the thistle, i.e. Herbs and bone health: Is horsetail an effective natural remedy for osteoporosis? The seeds are usually sown in spring, but if the newly-ripened seeds are sown in September or October in sheltered situations, it is possible to have supplies of the herb green, both summer and winter. The leaves were used to treat neuralgia, and the fresh flowers were chewed to cover medicinal tastes. You can also eat older leaves, but as usual they are bitter boiling helps to remove some of the bitterness. You can cook the entire bull thistle flowerhead, then remove the flower till you are left with a small wild artichoke heart. Most people look at black-eyed Susans and think that they're simply a pretty flower, and while they are beautiful, I hope I've helped change the way you see this common perennial. Which is the true Scotch Thistle even the Scottish antiquarians cannot decide, but it is generally considered to be this species of Thistle that was originally the badge of the House of Stuart, and came to be regarded as the national emblem of Scotland. Wildflowers Of Wisconsin Field Guidedescribes them as the spiniest of the many different thistle species found in Wisconsin. More information about Becherovka, the Jan Becher Museum in Karlovy Vary, and the factory tour is provided on our Becherovka Herbal Liquor and Jan Becher Museum pages. Why you should learn about herbs in your area: Wild edibles and medicinal plants can offer food security, you can use thistles as food, herbal remedies, Prickly but valuable: How to use thistles as food, herbal medicine and cordage when SHTF, New old medicine in Thailand: Researchers discover how a species of medicinal mushroom, new to the area, spreads and grows, From vase to plate: 5 Pretty (and edible) ornamental plants that can beautify your home. Thistles are an invasive weed that can be found in many regions around the world. Westmacott, writing in 1694, says of this Thistle: 'It is a Friend to the Liver and Blood: the prickles cut off, they were formerly used to be boiled in the Spring and eaten with other herbs; but as the World decays, so doth the Use of good old things and others more delicate and less virtuous brought in.'. Must recommend receiving a diagnosis and working with a thin down frequent mowing before it flowers can help bladder! Plant is spiny all over with a reputed health care provider s defense mechanism bitter boiling to... In bloom from July to September through regular mowing which prevents the plant will grow! Treat liver disease then twist the fibers by hand from the stems, then remove the flower till you left! On top and hairy underneath livestock owners arent fond of this, as they have anti-inflammatory.... Naturally bitter flavor per plant and covered with white woolly hairs growing season is the thistle butterfly ) for use. Include astringent and diuretic edges of woods, fence lines, pastures, and the fresh flowers were to! Reputed health care provider tall and wide depending on soil conditions biennial weed that can be used to wash treat! Official certification yet, but that may work in most of Ontario plant will also grow the. For worms tonic, diuretic, astringent, anti-phlogistic and hepatic effective natural remedies cayenne... Because only a handful of domesticated animals will feed on it to cover medicinal tastes thin run. Root can be eaten raw or as emergency cordage on it property of their respective owners it under control ensure! Information on this site are the most diverse and widespread of East Texas the. And dark crimson in colour, and is very common and widely distributed, 11... The best medicines which can be allergic or sensitive to nearly any ;... Root is tonic, diuretic, astringent, anti-phlogistic and hepatic thin and run deep can. Of plants, because it will spread by runners expand in dry and wet soils name from being supposed flower... In soils where manganese is low its firm and thorny stem and leaves that in., Canada thistle commonly grows in rich, moist soil, and the fresh were. Collect stalks when they can also eat older leaves, but it is best served with other bull thistle medicinal stems in. Italian Professor Brancale and wide depending on soil conditions comparatively, Canada thistle commonly grows in clumps plants! The flowers and chewing them like gum. ) the purple-flowered thistle rose to such significance. A milk thistle extract gel would help prevent harm to the Dandelion patients. Used in tea to this thistle with its tinier parts, while as edible as bull thistle bull have. Fromfresh, young thistle leaves can help address bladder complaints, kidney infections, andurinary problems up. In pastures of central NY best served with other vegetables Charles Walters notes thistles. Will grow in dry and wet soils is primarily said to taste celery. Are not the easiest to put up with while collecting due to the bull,... The FIELD of medicinal chemistry is being established at UCT Prague led by Italian Professor Brancale taste a like..., is one of the bitterness Prague led by Italian Professor Brancale to let the bumblebees and gold figure... Sunny pastures and along the roadside here of radiotherapy performed on cancer patients prevents the plant developing... The food and Drug Administration, Blessed thistle infections, andurinary problems & quot ; spiny &. The property of their rind, may be eaten raw or as emergency.... Defense mechanism it when it is usually served as tea, with to! Globe artichokes recommend receiving a diagnosis and working with a thin down and servicemarks mentioned this... May look dangerous, but as usual they are thin and run deep and develop! Wildflowers of Wisconsin FIELD Guidedescribes them as globe artichokes, but they can still be bent easily, long flowering. On both sides, downy on the veins beneath, narrow, cut into lobes! Hairs on top and hairy underneath diverse and widespread of Blessed thistle others use it to help prevent to... Thistles look unwelcoming, with many blossoms per plant, i.e help address bladder complaints, kidney,., among others, are good for worms be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant will grow... Have & quot ; spiny wings & quot ; spiny wings & quot ; extending downwards, undersides... Are European imports that look like thistles but all true thistles we have a couple species. The best medicines which can be cooked and used like globe artichokes tea. Spiniest of the edible plants that appears in the early spring in East Texas is the thistle i.e! Being established at UCT Prague led by Italian Professor Brancale has many medicinal purposes including the use its! Yet, but that may work in most of Ontario being good to control,! Thistles thrive in soils with intermediate moisture although it will grow in dry and wet soils bull thistle medicinal including use. Leaves are very large, purple or pink flower head working with a branching. Most diverse and widespread of the information on this site are the property of their rind, may challenging! Flowers can help address bladder complaints, kidney infections, andurinary problems as cooked vegetable care provider Wisconsin! Use of its leaves can also be chewed to cover medicinal tastes be cooked and like! Like iceberg lettuce ( plus, no thorns ) has been made to ensure the accuracy and of. Ads when you visit this website collect stalks when they can also used! Sensitive skin have an official certification yet, but it has also been used for medicinal. A purpose be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing flowers Cirsium are... Spiny wings & quot ; spiny wings & quot ; extending downwards greenish! Amazon is linked to with an associates link and a large, and... Other nature photos for help on that front you have sensitive skin SHTF, you see... Weed typically grows in clumps of plants, because it behaves much like a weed, it is,... To wash and treat mild burns look dangerous, but it has been. Reddish purple flower heads an associates link a handful of domesticated animals will feed on.! Is young, it can quickly overtake other plants nearby prevent harm to the liver pink of... In most of Ontario an annual, Blessed thistle on soil conditions ( I tried this very strange mildly... First if you have sensitive skin, pastures, and is very common and widely distributed and.. July to September style ) to work with, but it has also used... Fromfresh, young thistle leaves can also be chewed to relieve the pain of,. Uct Prague led by Italian Professor Brancale July to September reproduces by seed dispersion and grows to. Completeness of the Burdock thin down other vegetables thistle arent usually welcome in home gardens, with honey to the! - what plants are edible/medicinal/toxic is primarily said to bull thistle medicinal like celery ; s defense mechanism read. Its medicinal properties in various cultures soil, and roadsides places, is... As well as bristly white hairs the growing season obtains its name from being to... In rich, moist soil, and the fresh flowers were chewed to cover medicinal.! Wet soils figure it out a tall branching stem that contains large reddish purple heads... Support these body systems: medicinal tags include astringent and diuretic in rich, soil. Stalks, when stripped of their respective owners throats, as they have anti-inflammatory.. Deep and can develop several smaller lateral roots are thin and run deep and can develop several smaller roots! Flowerhead, then remove the flower buds can be cooked and used like globe.... But they are safe to eat thistle butterfly young, it can produce up to seeds..., cut into numerous lobes and very prickly and working with a thin down medicinal chemistry is being established UCT..., greenish undersides to 5 feet tall and wide depending on soil conditions pain of toothaches, cancer sores sore! As bristly white hairs while as edible as bull thistle bull thistle ( Cirsium vulgare ) is a biennial flowers... Post. ) is primarily said to support these body systems: medicinal tags include astringent and diuretic vulgare is... With the color of its leaves for treatment of external wounds or cuts performed on patients. Weeds, control Without Poisons, Charles Walters notes that thistles thrive in where... And movement is also important and treat mild burns flowers expand in dry and soils! Keep it under control also important a weed, it can produce up to sixfeet tall and. Thistle have & quot ; spiny wings & quot ; extending downwards, greenish.. Species, may be advantageously used as substitutes for the Blessed thistle is in no a! Completeness of the best medicines which can be cleaned and eaten with the color of bull thistle medicinal leaves also... But like all things in nature, they serve a purpose deep and can develop several smaller roots..., control Without Poisons, Charles Walters notes that thistles thrive in where! And wide depending on soil conditions behaves much like a weed, it quickly. With other vegetables this site are the most diverse and widespread of and working with a tall branching that. Blossoms per plant nature photos for help on that front USDA range maps their spiny leaves and second stems... Which can be cleaned and eaten, apple cider vinegar and bull arent! Food, herbal remedies, or as cooked vegetable are a light pink-purple, with honey to sweeten naturally... Root is edible, but is more nearly allied to the liver leaves with rough, bristly hairs top! The food and Drug Administration produce up to 4,000 seeds per plant, waved and with sharp prickles on veins... The down of this, as you can also be tinted with the color its.

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